This variable is only available in MAP and LATC.

Harm avoidance is measured using the 35-item harm avoidance scale from the Temperament and Character Inventory and consists of four subscales: anticipatory worry, fear of uncertainty, shyness, and fatigability.

Participants are asked to respond true/mostly true or false/mostly false to each item. The score for the full scale (range, 0 to 35) and for each subscale is the number of item responses indicative of the trait. Higher scores indicate greater harm avoidance.

Notes: The overall score is calculated if at least 75% of the items are non-missing. Missing values (when less than 25%) are assigned the average item score of the non-missing items.

In preliminary analysis, internal consistency of the scale in this cohort was shown to be adequate, with a Cronbach coefficient alpha of 0.89 for the total score.