Variable Details
Available Studies
ROS, MAP, MARS
Categories
Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
Risk of sleep apnea
Risk of sleep apnea, high vs. low (Berlin Questionnaire)
Risk of sleep apnea is measured using the Berlin questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of questions in three categories: snoring, daytime sleepiness, and physiological risk factors.
Category 1: Snoring
| Item | 0 | 1 | 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Do you snore? | No | Yes | x |
| If you snore, would you say your snoring is...? | Slightly louder than breathing OR as loud as talking | Louder than talking OR very loud - can be heard in adjacent rooms | x |
| Over the past month, how often have you been snoring? | Not at all OR less than once a week OR once or twice a week | Three or four times a week OR nearly every day | x |
| Has your snoring ever bothered other people? | No | Yes | x |
| During the past month, how often have others noticed that you quit breathing or have long pauses between breaths during sleep? | Not at all OR less than once a week OR twice a week | x | Three or four times a week OR nearly every day |
The category score is the sum of the 5 items, then dichotomized.
| Value | Sum |
|---|---|
| 0 | Low risk: 0-1 |
| 1 | High risk: 2-6 |
Category 2: Daytime sleepiness
| Item | 0 | 1 |
|---|---|---|
| During the past month, how often have you felt tired or fatigued after your sleep? | Not at all OR less than once a week OR once or twice a week | Three or four times a week OR nearly every day |
| In the past month, during your waking time, how often have you felt tired, fatigued, or not up to par? | Not at all OR less than once a week OR once or twice a week | Three or four times a week OR nearly every day |
| Have you ever nodded off or fallen asleep while driving a vehicle? | No | Yes |
The daytime sleepiness score is the sum of the 3 items, then dichotomized.
| Value | Category score |
|---|---|
| 0 | Low risk: 0-1 |
| 1 | High risk: 2-3 |
Category 3: Physiological risk factors
| Value | Coding |
|---|---|
| 0 | Low risk: BMI <30 AND no history of hypertension |
| 1 | High risk: BMI ≥30 OR history of hypertension |
Risk of sleep apnea is the sum of the three category scores, expressed as high or low risk (see below).
| Value | Coding |
|---|---|
| 0 | Low risk: high risk in 0-1 categories |
| 1 | High risk: high risk in at least 2 categories |