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Blood Measures
Measures derived from blood samples
Subcategories
Inflammatory markers
Inflammatory markers are quantified by Endogen Searchlight technologies (Billerica, MA) using highly sensitive multiplexed sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) arrays. The multiplex ELISA arrays are tested for spotting consistency and specificity to rule out the presence of cross-reactivity or nonspecific binding resulting from multiple antibody combinations.
Measures of inflammatory markers are available for a subset of MAP participants with blood samples collected between April 2003 and May 2005 and MARS participants with blood samples collected between August 2004 and July 2007.
Not all MAP measures are derived from blood samples taken at baseline. MARS measures are derived from blood samples taken at baseline.
Note: Analysis after log transformation is recommended.
| Age-related inflammation | Age-related inflammation |
|---|---|
| Ratio of good to bad inflammation | Ratio of good to bad inflammation |
| Vascular inflammation - 2 items | Vascular inflammation based on 2 inflammatory markers |
| Vascular inflammation - 3 items | Vascular inflammation based on 3 inflammatory markers |
| CRP level | Log transformed level of C-reactive protein |
| IL-1beta level | Log transformed level of interleukin-1beta |
| IL-1RA level | Log transformed level of interleukin-1 receptor agonist |
| IL-10 level | Log transformed level of interleukin-10 |
| IL-6 level | Log transformed level of interleukin-6 |
| IL-6R level | Log transformed level of interleukin-6 receptor |
| MMP9 level | Log transformed level of matrix metallopeptidase 9 |
| TNF-alpha level | Log transformed level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| VCAM level | Log transformed level of vascular cell adhesion molecule |
Pathogens
Antibody levels are measured from serum samples using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay at Stanley Laboratory of Developmental Neurovirology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, blinded to participants' clinical characteristics.
| CMV serostatus | Cytomegalovirus serostatus in serum |
|---|---|
| Gliadin serostatus | Gliadin serostatus in serum |
| HSV-1 serostatus | Herpes simplex virus type 1 serostatus in serum |
| Toxoplasma serostatus | Toxoplasma serostatus in serum |
| Toxoplasma serostatus (IU) | Toxoplasma serostatus in serum (international units) |
Routine laboratory tests
A standard procedure is used to collect blood samples. Using sterile technique, phlebotomists and nurses skilled in venipuncture collect the blood specimen. Specimens are then transferred to Quest Diagnostics (www.questdiagnostics.com) for analysis. Tests include: basic metabolic panel, complete blood count, lipid panel, thyroid panel, and hemoglobin A1c test.
| Anemia | Anemia calculated from hemoglobin using WHO criteria |
|---|---|
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | Blood urea nitrogen in blood samples |
| Calcium level | Calcium level in blood samples |
| Carbon dioxide level | Carbon dioxide level in blood samples |
| Chloride level | Chloride level in blood samples |
| Cholesterol/HDL ratio | Ratio of total cholesterol to HDL in blood samples |
| Creatinine level | Creatinine level in blood samples |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate | Glomerular filtration rate based on Modified Diet in Renal Disease study |
| Fasting status | Fasting status at time of blood draw |
| Glucose level | Glucose level in blood samples |
| Hematocrit | Hematocrit in blood samples |
| Hemoglobin | Hemoglobin in blood samples |
| Hemoglobin A1c level | Hemoglobin A1c in blood samples |
| HDL cholesterol level | HDL cholesterol level in blood samples |
| LDL cholesterol level | LDL cholesterol level in blood samples |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) | Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in blood samples |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) | Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in blood samples |
| Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) | Mean corpuscular volume in blood samples |
| Platelet count | Platelet count in blood samples |
| Potassium level | Potassium level in blood samples |
| RBC count | Red blood cell (RBC) count in blood samples |
| RBC distribution width | Red blood cell distribution width in blood samples |
| Sodium level | Sodium level in blood samples |
| TSH level | Thyroid-stimulating hormone level in blood samples |
| Total cholesterol level | Total cholesterol level in blood samples |
| Triglyceride level | Triglyceride level in blood samples |
| WBC count | White blood cell (WBC) count in blood samples |